Seeing some images of olden times may seem somewhat cartoonish. Because these events happened a long time ago, they can appear to be overly simplified and unrealistic.
However, what isn’t amusing at all are the implements people used to t*****e and execute convicted criminals during those days. The brutality of these devices alone can make one question how society viewed human rights back then.
We’ve compiled some of them into this list, along with a bit of information about how they worked. Just reading them can scare you off from the mere thought of committing any form of crime. Scroll through to see what I mean.
#1 Impalement With Stake, Pole, Spear, Or Hook
Impalement is one of the most gruesome and feared methods of e*******n, designed for maximum suffering. The most infamous version involved forcing a victim onto a large, rounded, and often oiled stake, which was then raised upright. The person's own weight would slowly drive the pole up through their body, a process that was deliberately designed to miss vital organs and prolong the agony for hours, or even days. It's most famously associated with Vlad the Impaler of Wallachia, who created entire "forests" of his impaled enemies to terrorize his foes, making it not just a way to end a life, but a horrifying tool of psychological warfare.
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34points
#2 The Pillory
The pillory was a device used for public punishment, focused more on humiliation than on physical harm. It consisted of a wooden frame with holes for an offender's head and hands, which officials would lock in place. Stuck in a town square or marketplace, the person was helpless against the crowd, who would often throw garbage, rotten food, and even rocks at them. The real punishment was the intense public shame and social ostracism that followed, though the physical harm from the crowd could sometimes be severe.
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27points
#3 Goat-Licking Frame
The victim would be restrained, usually in stocks, with their bare feet exposed and covered in saltwater. Then, a thirsty goat would be brought in to lick the salt off. What started as unbearable, maddening ticklishness would eventually turn into pure pain. A goat's tongue is incredibly rough, and after a while, it would lick the skin right off the feet, leaving them raw and bleeding.
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24points
One t*****e method that wasn’t mentioned on this list is the “Blood Eagle.” As explained by the Smithsonian Magazine, it’s an unbelievably morbid practice of detaching a person’s ribs from their torso to pull the bones and skin outward to form a set of “wings.” In the process, it removes their lungs from the chest cavity.
It’s a practice associated with Viking culture and has been fictionalized in various forms of media, from films to video games.
#4 Ducking Stool
The ducking stool was a tool for public humiliation, aimed almost exclusively at women considered gossips or "scolds." It was basically a chair attached to the end of a long wooden beam that worked like a giant seesaw. They'd strap the woman in and repeatedly plunge her into a cold, dirty river or pond in front of the whole town. The goal wasn't necessarily to k**l her, but the combination of public shame and the shock of the cold water was a brutal punishment, and accidental drownings definitely happened.
23points
#5 Chinese Water T*****e
Chinese water t*****e is a form of mental torment rather than physical injury. The method involves restraining a person and allowing cold water to slowly and methodically drip onto a single spot on their forehead. While seemingly harmless, the relentless, repetitive sensation over a long period becomes maddening. The constant anticipation of the next drop combined with the chilling effect on the skin was intended to drive the victim to a state of psychological collapse.
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22points
#6 Schwedentrunk - Swedish Drink
The Swedish Drink was a horrifying form of t*****e used during the Thirty Years' War to force peasants to reveal hidden valuables. Soldiers would restrain a victim and force them to swallow enormous quantities of a vile liquid, often a foul cocktail of manure, urine, and dirty water. Once the person's stomach was horrifically bloated and distended, the torturers would then kick them, stomp on their belly, or press a board against them. This caused the victim to violently expel the contents, often leading to ruptured internal organs and a slow, agonizing death.
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22points
The practice was so brutal in nature that it made experts wonder whether it was a literary trope or an actual way of punishing people. For University of Iceland historian Luke John Murphy, these stories may be a product of hyperbolic accounts.
“The [ritual], as it exists in popular culture today, ... owes a lot to the attitudes of Victorian scholars who were keen to exaggerate its role,” he told the magazine.
#7 The Brazen Bull
This is a truly horrifying one, straight out of ancient Greece. The Brazen Bull was a life-sized, hollow statue of a bull made entirely of bronze, with a door on the side. You'd lock a victim inside, light a fire underneath, and essentially roast them to death. The most diabolical part was a complex system of tubes and pipes inside the bull's head, which was designed to convert the victim's terrified screams into the bellowing sound of an actual bull, turning the e*******n into a ghastly spectacle.
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20points
#8 Lingchi Bench (Death By 1000 Cuts)
Also known as "death by a thousand cuts," Lingchi was a horrifying method of e*******n used in imperial China for the absolute worst crimes. The executioner would tie the condemned person to a wooden frame and slowly slice off bits of their flesh over a long period. The whole point was to maximize the suffering and keep the person alive for as long as possible as a public spectacle. This wasn't just physical t*****e; it was designed to destroy the person in the afterlife, too, by dismembering their body.
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20points
#9 Gas Chamber
The gas chamber executes a person by sealing them in an airtight room and flooding it with poisonous gas. Typically, this is done by dropping cyanide pellets into a pan of sulfuric acid, which creates deadly hydrogen cyanide gas. Although introduced as a more humane alternative to other methods, death by gas can be slow and visibly agonizing. The method is infamous for its use in the H*******t and is now very rarely used for capital punishment in the United States.
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19points
If t*****e methods were brutal, so were the various methods of capital punishment. As you can see in these images, many of the victims went through slow and painful demises.
In most practices, only the convicted is sentenced to death. But in Ancient Chona, even the extended family suffers the same fate. This harsh form of punishment is known as miezu, which, according to History, dates back 3,000 years.
#10 The Pressing Board (Peine Forte Et Dure)
Known as peine forte et dure ("strong and hard punishment"), this method was a legal procedure used to force a defendant to enter a plea. Officials would lay the accused person on the ground, place a heavy board on their chest, and then progressively pile weights on top of it. The primary reason someone might endure this was that dying without entering a plea meant they were never convicted, which allowed their estate to pass to their family. The weights were added until the person either finally entered a plea or was crushed.
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19points
#11 Schandmantel - Barrel Of Shame
The Barrel of Shame, or Schandmantel, was a punishment for minor social crimes like public drunkenness or cheating at cards. Officials would force an offender into a large, heavy wooden barrel, often with no bottom, making them awkwardly waddle through the streets. The main point wasn't to cause serious injury, but to subject the person to intense public humiliation. Being paraded through town as a walking spectacle was a powerful and degrading way to enforce social rules.
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19points
#12 Saw
Sawing was a horrific e*******n method where a victim was literally sawn in half. In the most common version, the person was hung upside down, with their legs spread apart, so the executioners could start sawing from the groin. This inverted position had a cruel purpose: it kept the blood flowing to the brain, ensuring the victim remained conscious and suffered for as long as possible as the saw cut through their body. It was a slow, agonizing process reserved for the most severe crimes.
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19points
Miezu, also known as “nine kinship exterminations,” means even uncles, aunts, cousins, and in-laws face e*******n. The method of doing so is likewise brutal: slow slicing. That’s pretty self-explanatory.
Those who faced this type of capital punishment were likely to have been convicted of rebellion and/or treason. The Chinese government abolished the practice in 1905.
#13 Breaking Wheel
The breaking wheel was a brutal device used for public e*******n, designed to cause a slow and agonizing death. Executioners would tie the condemned person's limbs across the spokes of a large wooden wheel. They then used a heavy iron bar to systematically shatter the person's bones between the gaps. Afterward, they often wove the broken body through the spokes and hoisted the wheel atop a pole as a grim warning to the public.
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18points
#14 The Thumbscrew
The thumbscrew was a straightforward but brutal device used for interrogation. It was essentially a small vise with two plates that an interrogator would place around a victim's thumb, finger, or sometimes even a toe. By slowly turning a central screw, the plates would tighten, applying immense pressure that would gradually crush the digit. This method was highly effective at causing excruciating pain to force confessions, often shattering bones and causing permanent damage.
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18points
#15 The Head Crusher
The Head Crusher does exactly what its name suggests. The device was a metal frame where the victim's head was placed, with a chin rest below and a tightening screw and cap above. The executioner would slowly turn the screw, gradually compressing the skull. This would first shatter the teeth and jaw, then force the eyes from their sockets, and finally, crush the skull, causing unimaginable pain and certain death. It was a tool designed to inflict the maximum amount of pain and terror.
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18points
We had the opportunity to speak with several experts who shared insights about these brutal practices. According to Farm & Country Insurance agent Casey Love, such savage punishments were predominant in agricultural societies.
As he tells Bored Panda, public executions weren’t solely about serving justice. They were also “community spectacles” done to maintain order during a time when law enforcement was either minimal or nonexistent.
#16 Chinese Cangue
Think of the Chinese cangue as a portable, personal version of the pillory. This was a heavy wooden board locked around an offender's neck, and often their wrists, which they were forced to wear for weeks or even months. The primary goal was public humiliation, as the person's name and crime were usually written right on the board for everyone to see. Beyond the discomfort and weight, the cangue had a crueler function: its width made it impossible for the wearer to reach their own mouth, forcing them to rely on others for food and water. If no one helped, the sentence could easily become a death by starvation.
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18points
#17 Garrote
The garrote was a device used to execute people by strangling them, most famously in Spain. The condemned person was seated in a chair while the executioner fitted a metal collar around their neck. By turning a crank or screw at the back, the collar would tighten and choke the person to death. Later versions included a nasty addition: a sharpened metal bolt that was driven into the spinal cord as the collar tightened, which was supposed to cause a quicker death but didn't always work out that way.
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18points
#18 Guillotine
The guillotine is the infamous decapitation machine that became a symbol of the French Revolution. It consists of a tall, upright frame with a heavy, angled blade suspended at the top. When the rope is released, the blade drops with incredible speed and force, cleanly severing the head of the person restrained at the bottom. It was originally designed as a more humane and egalitarian method of e*******n, offering a quick and supposedly painless death to people of all social classes.
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17points
Love adds that the shift to more humane practices happened alongside industrialization and urbanization, when societies became more educated and interconnected. As a result, public opinion shifted towards valuing human dignity over invoking fear.
“The same way we moved from branding livestock with hot irons to using ear tags - it's about evolving standards while achieving the same practical goals,” he said.
#19 The Judas Cradle
The Judas Cradle was a sadistic device designed for prolonged pain and humiliation. It consisted of a pyramid-shaped seat perched on top of a wooden stool. The victim would be suspended above it by ropes and slowly lowered, forcing the sharp point of the pyramid into their c****h. The torturer could control the pressure, either leaving the person to dangle painfully for hours or repeatedly raising and lowering them onto the point. The device was rarely, if ever, cleaned, so even if the victim survived the t*****e itself, they often died later from a gruesome infection.
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17points
#20 The Heretic’s Fork
The Heretic's Fork was a simple but cruel tool designed for sleep deprivation and pain. It was essentially a metal rod with two sharp, fork-like prongs on each end. They would strap it tightly around the victim's neck so that one set of prongs pressed into the flesh under the chin and the other dug into the upper chest. This setup made it impossible for the person to lower their head, and if they dozed off, the prongs would painfully jab them awake, making it an effective way to break someone's will during interrogation.
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17points