Hey Pandas, What’s A Must-Read Book From Your Country To Understand Its Culture?

Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy. Whatever else is going on in Britain, we must have tea.

I'll start (Brazil). It's obviously hard to pick one book, but for "modern" novels I'd go with "Grande Sertão: Veredas". The english title is "The Devil to Pay in the Backlands". It's a book from the late 1950s, and follows a bandit in the backlands of Brazil as he comes to terms with the philosophical implications of his life, and how he reconciles the joint Brazilian obsessions of fate and free will. Perhaps the most famous Brazilian book would be "The Posthumous Memoirs of Bras Cubas", but this is very much a 19th century novel about 19th century Brazil (still great). Don't read "The Alchemist" by Paulo Coelho. It's overrated.

The Devastation of Indies - Bartolomew De Las Casas
The origin of slavery in Haiti and surrounding area

Not not just culture but also history - if you want understand Germans, and especially during Hitler (currently that can be very useful right now for other nationalities as well), read "The Boat".
The story of a German submarine on a mission in the North Atlantic.
Written by someone who knew what he was talking about, and neither blindly blaming nor making excuses. You'll see the real people - and get a gripping story on top of it.

To understand Mexico and its complex relation to is past you must read "The Broken Spears" (original title "Visión de los Vencidos") by Miguel Leon Portilla. It the history of the Conquest seen from the Aztec point of view. Also, Guillermo Bonfil Batalla's "Profound Mexico: Reclaiming a Civilization", on idealization of ancient civilization and its current descendants, along with its use for modern nationalism.
On mid-XX century Mexico there is "Pedro Paramo", by Juan Rulfo and, finally, Nobel-prize winner "The Laberynth of Solitude" by Octavio Paz, a raw and unmissible view into the minds of the average Mexican and its perception of the past, foreigners and future.

The welcome to country handbook by Marcia Langton gives a good history of Aboriginal Australian experience and culture as well as the impacts on Aboriginals today. Dark Emu by Bruce Pascoe is also well regarded. Novels by Jackie French, Tim Winton and John Marsden give good insight into the experiences of younger Australians. As we are a very multicultural country there are perspectives from people with lots of backgrounds that might differ the way they view Australian culture. A book that I found profoundly interesting is Does my head look big in this? by Randa Abdel-Fattah.

Dumbing US Down. The Hidden Curriculum of American Education. by John Taylor Gatto

New Zealand: Once Were Warriors by Alan Duff

How some maori ended up this way.

'The Elephant Whisperer' by Lawrence Anthony. Afrikaans culture is defiantly different than others, but it's really good. Just about a guy with a game reserve and changes it into a home for elephants and other animals. Highly recommend.

It is very difficult to answer because the books that comes to mind are written in Danish and maybe not translated. Everybody has heard of H.C. Andersen but his stories are fairytales and not very good to show anything about Danes. I would recommend Niels E. Nielsen's Lilleputternes oprør if you like sci-fi (and can find a translation), or Piet Heins Collected Grooks. The first because it shows people trying to do what they can even if it seems hopeless, the second because of his humor, which I think is very typical of Danes.

For pre and post WW1 Australia and the hardships of children growing up in the the real Australia outback, read Albert Facey's autobiography - A Fortunate Life.
A truly remarkable man and a truly remarkable life.

UK. Everything by Terry Pratchett. They reflect the mainstream of British thinking about pretty much everything.

The book "Big Breasts and Wide Hips" (don't get confused by the title) by Chinese author Mo Yan gave me a profound insight of Chinese culture and modern history.

A Moveable Feast by Hemingway, for Paris, France.

Hungary ....I think, there is no such a book. Why? Everybody knows about Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, what was more Austro, than Hungarian. Trianon happened, and the than-Hungary lost it's 2/3's of terrotiry to now neighbouring states. But millions of hungarians were staying on their land in countries like now are Slovakia, Romania, Serbia, Ukraine, Austria and so on .... Those people remained hungarians, and their descendants too, in spite of their passport are now from Slovakia, Austria, Romania .... their nationality never changed. And in more than 100 years each hungarian minority in their new country has developed it's own culture with strong bonds to the mother-country, now-Hungary, but sure, very different of each other. So, I'd say, there is no one book, what can give you an understanding about the past-and present Hungary. There are many, like the pieces of a puzzle. One has to put them together, if want to understand.

The Southern United States:
1. Rachel Carson's "Silent Spring" ... I live in one of the poorest counties in the state and because of the previous industrial polution, our water is the some of the worst in the country;
2. Harper Lee's "To K**l A Mockingbird" ... There are still areas here where blacks are not allowed after sundown - and the USPS, UPS, FedEx, DHL, local and county law enforcement, etc. all know!

MÉXICO... If I had to choose just ONE author, it would undoubtedly be Jorge Ibargüengoitia. His chronicles of Mexico are like a walk in the park with that eccentric uncle who tells you all the secrets of the neighborhood. Titles like "Instructions for Living in Mexico," "Quick Autopsies," "Your House and Other Travels," and "Travels in Unknown America" ​​paint a wonderful picture of the surrealism that is Mexico. Unfortunately, these works have never been translated into English.

Another brilliant author is Guillermo Sheridan, who closely follows in the Ibargüengoitia tradition. "Lugar a Dudas" and "Journey to the Center of My Land" and others are equally brilliant takes on Mexico.

And, without a shadow of a doubt, what for me is the most faithful portrait of Mexico: "La Enciclopedia del Taco" A delight... in every sense.

In Denmark it's not a book. It's well known tv-series called "Matador". 24 episodes about denmark from 1920'ies until after WWII... It is free to watch on dr.dk and it is so good that all danes know what it is...

For Australian 70’s beach culture - “Puberty Blues” by Kathy Lette and Gabrielle Carey

Smaller and smaller circles by FH Batacan (Philippines)