History,CuriositiesJUN 26, 2025

"Franz Kafka": 25 People Whose Influence Shaped Culture, Science, And Society

Mariia Tkachenko, Louise Pieterse, Adelaide May Ross and Indrė Lukošiūtė

What do you want your legacy to be when you’re gone? Perhaps you want loved ones to remember you for your warmth and incredible baking skills. Or maybe you hope that they’ll look back on you fondly for the hilarious jokes and stories you were always ready to share. Everyone leaves some sort of legacy behind, whether it’s remembered by ten or ten million people.

But some influential individuals manage to make such a huge impact on the world that they’re remembered for centuries after they’re gone. Bored Panda has compiled a list down below of some of the most powerful legacies that have been left by artists, scientists, philosophers and more. Enjoy reading about these famous figures’ accomplishments, and be sure to upvote the stories that you hope will live on forever!

#1 Nikola Tesla

Despite inventing alternating current and envisioning technologies like smartphones long before their time, Nikola Tesla died in relative obscurity and poverty in a New York hotel room in 1943, with many of his contributions overshadowed by rivals like Thomas Edison. The FBI's seizure of his papers immediately after his death only added to the mystery surrounding his work and legacy. However, a resurgence of interest in his visionary ideas began in the 1990s, particularly online, leading to a posthumous recognition that now includes having a leading electric car company named in his honor and a secured status as a pivotal, underappreciated genius.

Wikipedia, Tonnelé and Co.

Report

38points

#2 Oscar Wilde

Irish playwright, novelist, and poet Oscar Wilde experienced a dramatic fall from grace, dying bankrupt in Paris in 1900 due to legal fees associated with his imprisonment for homosexuality. While he had achieved some success during his life, it was largely after his death, and partly due to the notoriety surrounding his imprisonment, that his work gained widespread popularity and he became recognized as one of London's most significant playwrights. His witty and insightful writings eventually secured his place as a literary icon.

Wikipedia, Napoleon Sarony

Report

33points

#3 Alan Turing

A brilliant mathematician whose work was foundational to computer science and artificial intelligence, Alan Turing also made indispensable contributions to Allied efforts in World War II by cracking German Enigma codes. Despite his monumental achievements, he was tragically persecuted for his homosexuality in the years following the war, a conviction that overshadowed his genius during his lifetime. It was only decades after his early death that the full extent of his impact was widely recognized, leading to a posthumous royal pardon and his current status as a celebrated scientific pioneer and a pivotal figure of the 20th century.

Wikipedia, Elliott & Fry

Report

33points

It’s not easy to think about what kind of impact you’ll leave on the world once you’re gone. It might be scary to accept the fact that you won’t be around forever, and trying to imagine how loved ones will remember you can feel overwhelming. What if they think of my worst qualities when they hear my name? Will anyone even care if I’m not around on holidays?

While it’s not a good idea to fixate on your legacy if it means you’re less present in your day-to-day life, BetterUp notes that it can be beneficial to consider it from time to time. This is because people with a strong sense of purpose tend to be happier, more satisfied with life and enjoy an improved state of well-being.

#4 Anne Frank

While hiding from N**i persecution in an Amsterdam attic for two years, young Anne Frank filled a checkered diary, a thirteenth birthday gift, with her poignant and everyday observations, dreaming of becoming a writer. After her family was betrayed and captured in 1944, Anne tragically died of typhus in the Bergen-Belsen c****************p. Her father, Otto, the only survivor, later found and published her diary, which has since been translated into over 70 languages, making Anne's voice, with her enduring belief in humanity's goodness, one of the most recognizable and enduring from the H*******t.

Wikipedia, Photo collection Anne Frank House, Amsterdam

Report

32points

#5 Franz Kafka

During his lifetime, Franz Kafka worked as an insurance clerk and, by night, penned unsettling stories exploring themes of alienation and bureaucratic absurdity, though most of his work remained unpublished. Before his death in 1924, he famously asked his friend Max Brod to burn all his manuscripts, a wish Brod fortunately ignored, later publishing iconic novels like The Trial and The Castle. This posthumous publication led to widespread acclaim, particularly after World War II, as Kafka's prophetic vision of modern anxieties resonated deeply, establishing him as a highly influential literary figure and coining the term "Kafkaesque."

Wikipedia, Klaus Wagenbach Archiv, Berlin

Report

31points

#6 H.P. Lovecraft

During the Great Depression, H.P. Lovecraft penned his tales of ancient cosmic horrors and forbidden knowledge for cheap pulp magazines, finding few readers and living a modest life with his aunts. When he passed away from intestinal cancer in 1937, his literary estate was valued at a mere $500. It was fellow writer August Derleth, through Arkham House publishing, who began the effort to preserve Lovecraft's stories, initiating his gradual ascent from obscurity to eventually becoming a major influence on popular culture, with his tentacled creations now appearing in everything from movies to games.

Wikipedia, Lucius B. Truesdell

Report

29points

Feeling like your life has a purpose might also make you a more resilient person. When you face trials and tribulations, you won’t immediately give up or assume that your life is doomed. You’ll understand that we all face challenges, and you’ll find a way to overcome them to keep pursuing your goals.

A person’s quality of life might also improve when they have a clear drive and purpose. There’s certainly no need to have all the answers (anyone who says they do is lying to themself!), but working towards something will keep you motivated. Whether you want to provide a wonderful life for your children, excel in your career or foster hundreds of cats over the next few decades, it feels great to know that you’re contributing to the world.

#7 Galileo Galilei

Galileo Galilei, a pivotal figure in the scientific revolution, made groundbreaking contributions as a scientist, mathematician, and astronomer, including building one of the first powerful telescopes and discovering celestial features like sunspots and moon craters. Despite these advancements, he faced significant criticism during his lifetime, particularly from religious authorities who opposed his support for the heliocentric model, which stated that the Earth revolved around the sun. His work fundamentally changed our understanding of the cosmos, though full appreciation for his insights came long after his confrontations with the establishment.

Wikipedia, Justus Sustermans

Report

29points

#8 Alfred Wegener

German scientist Alfred Lothar Wegener dedicated much of his life to researching continental drift, proposing that Earth's continents were once connected and had slowly moved apart. However, during his lifetime, his theories lacked concrete proof and did not gain widespread acceptance within the scientific community. It was only after Wegener's death that further evidence, notably discovered by Tuzo Wilson, validated his groundbreaking ideas about plate tectonics.

Wikipedia, Photo Archive Photo Marburg

Report

28points

#9 Frida Kahlo

During her lifetime, Frida Kahlo's artistic brilliance was often overshadowed, and she was frequently seen merely as the eccentric wife of fellow artist Diego Rivera, despite creating deeply personal and powerful masterpieces exploring identity, pain, and power. It was only after her death that her raw and graphic paintings gained widespread international recognition. Now, Kahlo's work and her distinctive image are celebrated globally, appearing on merchandise and in feminist memes, solidifying her status as a significant and influential artist.

Wikipedia, Sotheby's

Report

28points

So what if you have no idea what you want your legacy to be? That’s okay too! It’s perfectly normal to feel aimless or confused. In fact, a YouGov survey found that nearly a third of people between the ages of 16 and 39 don’t believe that life has any meaning. But if you’re looking for some purpose, BetterUp recommends evaluating your life. Really think about whether your lifestyle choices align with your goals and beliefs, and if something’s not adding up, don’t be afraid to make some changes!

#10 Gregor Mendel

Working quietly in his monastery garden, Gregor Mendel conducted meticulous experiments with pea plants that would eventually revolutionize biology, yet the scientific community largely overlooked his discoveries on inheritance when he published them in 1866. It took several decades after his death for other scientists, at the dawn of the 20th century, to independently unearth his findings and recognize their immense importance. This belated recognition cemented Mendel's status as the foundational figure of modern genetics, a field built upon his patient and insightful work.

Wikipedia, Wikimedia Commons

Report

26points

#11 El Greco

Domenikos Theotokopoulos, better known as El Greco, was a painter from Crete who found himself at odds with both the king and the Catholic Church in his adopted country of Spain during the late 16th and early 17th centuries, leading to his work being largely underappreciated in his era. So little was known about his life that he was essentially forgotten for hundreds of years. It wasn't until artists like Pablo Picasso and Jackson Pollock rediscovered and championed his unique style that El Greco's artistic genius was finally celebrated posthumously.

Wikipedia, El Greco

Report

26points

#12 Edgar Allan Poe

Though he pioneered the detective fiction genre and penned famously dark and macabre tales, Edgar Allan Poe often struggled with financial hardship and professional instability during his lifetime. His death under mysterious circumstances at a young age only added to the mystique surrounding his persona. It was largely after his passing that his profound influence on literature became widely acknowledged, with his haunting stories and poems securing his place as a master of suspense and the gothic, captivating readers for generations.

Wikipedia, Mathew Brady Photographs of Civil War-Era Personalities and Scenes

Report

25points

When trying to determine what drives you, you should also look for what makes you special. If you have a unique talent or particular passion that sets you apart, hone in on that. Consider what truly makes you happy and what you can do that nobody else can. If you can make insanely impressive hyper-realistic cakes, there are careers to be made in that field nowadays! Get curious, and really explore what you want your legacy to be.

#13 Vincent Van Gogh

Despite a prolific output of over 2,000 artworks in just ten years, Vincent van Gogh experienced little professional success, selling only a single painting while alive and grappling with poverty and mental health challenges, relying on his brother Theo for financial support. Following his death by s*****e in 1890, it was Theo's widow who began promoting his art, initiating a slow but steady rise in recognition that culminated by the mid-20th century with his vibrant works fetching millions. Now, masterpieces like 'Starry Night' are globally recognized, and dedicated museums draw vast numbers of visitors, cementing the legacy of this once-rejected artist as one of history's most cherished painters.

Wikipedia, Vincent van Gogh

Report

24points

#14 Vivian Maier

Throughout her life, Vivian Maier worked primarily as a nanny, all the while secretly pursuing her passion for street photography and amassing an enormous collection of remarkable images that remained largely unseen. It was only after her death, when boxes of her negatives and undeveloped film were discovered by chance at an auction, that her extraordinary talent came to light. This posthumous discovery revealed Maier as a significant and insightful chronicler of mid-20th century urban American life, earning her widespread acclaim as a major street photographer.

Wikipedia, amazon.com

Report

24points

#15 Henry David Thoreau

While Henry David Thoreau is now celebrated for his transcendentalist philosophy and profound connection with nature, his work, including the seminal 'Walden' which details his experiment in simple living, did not achieve widespread acclaim during his lifetime. It was only well after his death in 1862 that his writings, with their emphasis on individualism and nature, gained significant appreciation. Today, Thoreau's essays and philosophical insights have inspired generations of environmentalists and thinkers, establishing him as a key American literary and philosophical figure.

Wikipedia, National Portrait Gallery

Report

22points

Another important factor in building your legacy is celebrating your community. You need strong relationships if you want people to remember you, and of course, they’ll make your life much more enjoyable while you’re here! Creating meaningful connections with others is one of the most important things we can do on this planet, and if you find a way to make your community better than it was before you touched it, you’ll be remembered for a very long time.

#16 Sylvia Plath

During her lifetime, Sylvia Plath published a collection of poetry, The Colossus, and the semi-autobiographical novel The Bell Jar under a pseudonym, gaining some literary recognition but also grappling with intense personal struggles. Her most famous works, including the powerful and raw poetry collection Ariel, were published posthumously following her s*****e in 1963. This later release cemented her status as a significant and fiercely original voice in 20th-century poetry, with her work continuing to resonate for its unflinching exploration of female experience and mental anguish.

Wikipedia, The Boston Globe

Report

20points

#17 Joan Of Arc

While Joan of Arc achieved significant military victories for France during the Hundred Years' War, her enduring status as a major figure in Western civilization largely developed after her e*******n. Burned at the stake as a heretic by the English and their French allies, her death transformed her into a martyr and a potent national symbol for France. A posthumous retrial in 1456 cleared her name, further cementing her heroic legacy, which culminated in her later canonization as a saint.

Wikipedia, Albert Lynch

Report

20points

#18 Emily Dickinson

Throughout her reclusive life in Amherst, Massachusetts, Emily Dickinson penned nearly 1,800 poems, yet fewer than a dozen were published during her lifetime, and those were often altered by editors. It was only after her death that her sister Lavinia discovered the vast collection of her unconventional and deeply introspective work. The subsequent publication of her poems revealed Dickinson as a strikingly original and innovative voice, solidifying her posthumous reputation as one of America's greatest and most enigmatic poets.

Wikipedia, Wikimedia Commons

Report

19points

Living your life with strong values is another way you can impact those around you and leave a lasting legacy. For example, if you’re an active advocate for animal rights or passionate about protecting the planet, you might inspire loved ones to make some beneficial changes in their own lives. Even if you never explicitly state how you feel about something, actions speak louder than words. And displaying healthy behaviors can have a larger impact on those around you than you might realize.

#19 Stieg Larsson

Stieg Larsson, a Swedish journalist and investigator known for his work combating right-wing extremism, did not live to see the global phenomenon his "Millennium" trilogy would become. He died suddenly in 2004 before the first book, The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo, was even published. Following their posthumous release, the gripping novels achieved immense international success, catapulting Larsson to worldwide fame as a master of crime fiction and making his character Lisbeth Salander an iconic literary figure.

Wikipedia, CBS

Report

17points

#20 Jeff Buckley

With a soaring, ethereal voice and a unique blend of rock, folk, and soul, Jeff Buckley released only one studio album, Grace, during his tragically short life. While the album received critical acclaim, mainstream success was still building when he drowned accidentally in 1997. In the years following his death, his music, particularly his haunting rendition of Leonard Cohen's "Hallelujah," gained immense international popularity and a devoted following, solidifying his legacy as an influential and deeply missed artist.

Wikipedia, Cindy Higby

Report

17points

"Franz Kafka": 25 People Whose Influence Shaped Culture, Science, And Society

#1 Nikola Tesla

#2 Oscar Wilde

#3 Alan Turing

#4 Anne Frank

#5 Franz Kafka

#6 H.P. Lovecraft

#7 Galileo Galilei

#8 Alfred Wegener

#9 Frida Kahlo

#10 Gregor Mendel

#11 El Greco

#12 Edgar Allan Poe

#13 Vincent Van Gogh

#14 Vivian Maier

#15 Henry David Thoreau

#16 Sylvia Plath

#17 Joan Of Arc

#18 Emily Dickinson

#19 Stieg Larsson

#20 Jeff Buckley

Poll Question

What type of legacy do you find most meaningful to be remembered for?

Poll Question

What type of legacy do you find most meaningful to be remembered for?